1. Dig a hole that is 2 times the size of the plant that will go in this location;
2. Do not make the hole too deep (usually about 10-15 cm), and loosen the bottom of the hole well;
3. Place the plant in the hole. The roots can be positioned horizontally in the hole, with the eyes facing upward(!). Gently press the plant into the soil; it should now be at a depth where the top eyes are 2-5 cm below the surface (approximately '2 finger widths deep').
4. Fill the hole again and place a stick at this spot - this will remind you not to plant other plants too close until emergence in February/March."

October is the optimal month for planting peonies. In our nursery, peonies are only harvested and processed during the early natural dormant period, from mid-September to mid-November. As a result, the planting schedule remains undisturbed, ensuring the plants' quality at its highest level. This time of year is also suitable for transplanting peonies: during this period, the plants develop new feeder roots with the last remnants of warmth in the soil. This aids the plants in establishing well in their new location, offering the best chance for blooming in the first year due to optimal growth conditions. Typically, our plants are shipped in the first half of October. Planting promptly upon receipt is always advisable for the best results.

The most crucial factor is well-draining soil. Peonies are highly intolerant of waterlogged conditions, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot, potentially causing the plants to perish. In a damp garden, it is advisable to plant peonies on a raised bed to enhance drainage. Ideally, choose a location that is not excessively sheltered, as overly protected areas can contribute to fungal diseases like Botrytis, especially in wet years. Sufficient air circulation is essential.

Peonies also require an abundance of sunlight. While full-day sunshine is optimal, partial shade can be tolerated. Plants in overly shaded areas tend to exhibit elongated growth with minimal or no flowering.

Avoid planting too close to large shrubs or trees to prevent unfair competition for resources. Peonies may struggle when placed near surface-rooting trees or shrubs, which absorb most of the moisture and nutrients. Never plant in a location where peonies have previously grown, as they release certain substances that hinder the growth of a new plant in the same spot. Additionally, the risk of harmful organisms in the soil, such as fungal diseases and root nematodes, is higher in such reused planting locations. In technical terms, the soil is often described as 'exhausted' in such an old spot.

After the first growing season, peonies can significantly increase in size, so ensure they have 0.75 to 1 square meter per plant. It's recommended to maintain a planting distance of at least 80 centimeters between individual plants in group plantings. We often advise individuals on creating peony borders. Give ample space to peonies. We're happy to provide guidance on matters such as the number of plants in your border, cultivar selection, their placement, and more. Drop us a message if you're planning a beautiful peony border. It would be our pleasure to assist you.

The planting depth is crucial. The upper eyes (typically the 'flower buds') should be just below the soil surface. If they are planted too deep, the plant may, at best, only produce foliage. Like all plants, peonies strive to survive. If a peony is planted too deeply, the plant will try to form new growth at the top to create a kind of 'new plant' that is at the correct depth for flowering. However, this process takes several years, which is often too long when a plant is acquired with high expectations. In the worst case, when peonies are planted too deeply, no above-ground growth may be visible. Remaining too long in damp soil below ground can lead to plant rot.

Peonies generally thrive in various soil types. In general, the heavier the soil, the slower the growth, meaning it takes longer for the first flowers to develop. However, this is not necessarily negative; on the contrary, over the long term, heavy clay soil, for example, can be ideal. Overall, loam, peat, and clay soils are excellent.

Soils with a pH of 6.5-7.5 are ideal. On acidic soils (pH lower than 6.5), it's advisable to mix some lime into the planting hole and add lime annually to raise the pH. On alkaline ('sweet') soils (pH higher than 7.5), it's recommended to mix in garden peat or other materials with acidifying properties.

Peonies can also grow well in light sandy soils, but they require more attention. It's recommended to provide regular water and nutrients on these soils. Even better is to enrich the soil at the peony planting location. A good method is to dig a hole about 50 cm deep and 40x40 cm in size. Place a layer of about 25 cm of well-rotted cow manure and/or bone meal at the bottom of the hole, and then add the replacement soil on top. A mixture of clay, sand, and garden soil in a ratio of 60-20-20 is ideal. Clay alone is also possible, but be prepared for a somewhat longer growth period until the plant reaches maturity.

A peony is best started as a 'bare-root plant' in the fall. A 'bare-root plant' purchased in the spring and stored for several months always brings some vitality. Additionally, such a spring purchase misses the crucial growth phase before winter, making it harder for the plant to establish, and you'll have to wait longer for blooming.

Peonies are typically sold in pots. While potted plants are visually appealing, it's always better to purchase a peony as a 'bare-root plant' in the fall for your garden. Peonies may be wrongly labeled as difficult or slow to bloom because they are primarily sold in pots. However, this is not true!

Peonies in pots have a very different root system than those naturally grown in the ground. The plant is not compelled to build up extra nutrients in its roots because food and moisture are always readily available in pots. As a result, a peony in a pot develops too many fine roots and does not store enough nutrients to produce flowers.

When you buy a peony in a large pot size, it's likely to bloom in the first year since the roots were placed in the ground by the grower before potting the plant. When you then plant this peony in your garden, it takes at least a year to establish a sufficient root system to bloom again.

If you are unable to plant peonies in the ground, it's a good idea to plant them in a pot on your balcony or terrace. Always use a very large pot or container. Use a well-draining potting mix that is not too wet and provides adequate aeration. Feed moderately by incorporating compost. Always try a common cultivar before buying the exclusive one. Keeping a flowering peony in a pot for several years is not easy, but it presents a great challenge for the true enthusiast!